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To repair an electrical instrument is a challenging job for any mechanic as it involves great risk and patience. If we talk about the old electric system then we see that it was much easier and less complicated to troubleshoot the problem. However, in the present scenario we see that the electric system has become more complicated. It is integrated with electronic circuites, gadgets and gizmos to improve the functionality of the system as a whole.
One should be careful while working with the ignition system. The jumper cables must not be connected or disconnected as it may lead to damage of electronic components due to voltage fluctuation.While working with wires one must use electric tapes to prevent the copper wires from corrosion.
In order to troubleshoot a electcrical problem you need to have a diagram of the system. There are two type of diagrams, one is known as block diagram and other as schematic diagram. These diagrams are very good help to know the basic structure of the system.
There is a tool which is called as 12 volt test light tool. It has a pointed end and a wire with a clip at the other end. It has a bulb in the handle which lights when there is power present. Another tool which is needed is digital meter, which you will get from any auto spare part supplier in 125$ to 175$.
Nowadays the cars, trucks, motorcycles have 12 volt electrical system. Heavy duty trucks have 24 volt electric system. The electric system has a battery and a charging system as its power source. It has wires and switches which takes the voltage where it is needed. The metal body acts as a path for voltage supply to the battery. Electrical problems are mostly related to poor connections, breakage of wires, connections or switches. A test light, ohmmeter or voltmeter is used to find faults in the electrical system.
While repairing a car electrical system the first thing we should check is the battery, which supplies 12 volt of electric current through out the electric system of the car. The car will not start if the battery is not working properly. A 12 volt battery may last for about 3-5 years but due to climatic changes it usually lasts for about 2-3 years only.
An auto battery is made up of six cells which has lead plates palced in between them. These plates are separated by insulators placed in an electrolyte made up of sulphuric acid and water. Some batteries use gel instead of an electrolyte. This type of batteries are safer and are labled as maintenance free as you do not have to refill the batteries electrolyte. This battery generates a total of 12.6 volts each lead plate generating 1.2 volts of electric current.
Due to some chemical reaction taking place between the lead plate and electrolyte explosive gases are released. So we should always be careful while working under the hood of the car and also, while you charge or jump start a less charged battery
When there is a starting or charging problem in the vehicle then we have to start troubleshooting the problem by first doing a visual check and then a voltage test.
In this way one can prevent the car from being damaged and repair it as and when needed.
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